Working Principle Of Optical Splitter

Optical splitter is a core passive device in FTTH system. Optical splitter, also called optical beam splitter, is an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device that can split an input optical signal into two or more output optical signals, and the optical input power is evenly distributed on all output ports. For example, an optical splitter with a split ratio of 1:4 can equally divide an optical signal into four parts and transmit them in four different channels. At present, the splitting ratio of the optical splitter is generally 1:N or 2:N, such as 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 2:2, 2: 4, 2:8, 2:16, 2:32, 2:64. Today, optical splitters are widely used in passive optical networks (such as EPON, GPON, BPON, FTTX, FTTH, etc.) and play an important role.

Working Principle

When a single-mode fiber transmits an optical signal, the light energy is not completely concentrated in the core to propagate, and a small amount is propagated through the cladding close to the core. In close proximity, the mode field of light transmitted in one fiber can enter another fiber, and the optical signal is redistributed in the two fibers.

For example, a 1x4 optical splitter can distribute the optical signal in one optical fiber to four optical fibers in equal proportion. In fact, in simple terms, 1000Mbps bandwidth is evenly distributed to four households, and each household can use a network with 250Mbps bandwidth.